Lea aquí la versión en español de este artículo.
On occasion of Último Jueves, held on 24 September 2020, at a distance, dedicated to the year 1960, Catalejo proposes the following chronology that brings together the most important events of those twelve months.
JANUARY
1 Nationalization of the United Fruit Company
3 Confiscation of the Matches Trust by the Ministry of Misappropriated Goods
4 The National Council of Culture was created (attached to the Ministry of Education)
6 Airplane drops 40 packages in the Escambray Mountains for counterrevolutionary insurgents
12 First attack by planes from the U.S. aimed at burning sugarcane fields
15 Cutback of prices of medicines
18 Insurgents in Guantanamo attack police
23 The Rural Medical Service is created
28 The Association of Rebel Youth is founded
FEBRUARY
1 – 4 Ministry of Misappropriated Goods confiscates the petroleum consortium, RECA (Petrolera Jarahueca, Refinería Cabaiguán y Bacuranao, Transporte RECA & Corporación Nacional de Petróleo), properties of José López Vilaboy (Airline Cubana de Aviación, Rancho Boyeros Airport, Hotel Colina) plus 14 Sugar mills.
5 Soviet Expo of Science, Technology and Culture arrives with a high-level delegation. Agreement is reached to establish diplomatic relations.
11 Announcement that the properties of Cubans that go into exile will be confiscated
15 The USSR announces large purchases of Cuban sugar; 3,000 rural classrooms are created
18 Fidel denounces pirate attacks coming from the U.S.
20 The Popular University is launched on TV, headed by Lionel Soto and Ricardo Alarcon
23 Law 100 of National Defense is promulgated for technical-material, constructive and productive development
24 The labor unions agree to contribute 4% of their workers’ salaries to the industrialization of the country
MARCH
3 The U.S. unveils a legislative project to abolish Cuba’s sugar quota
4 Explosion of the ship La Coubre loaded with weapons and munitions from Belgium docked at the Havana harbor, causing more than 100 dead and 200 wounded
9 The Moa Bay Mining Company is nationalized in response to threats of lockdown
10 Fidel at the University of Havana proposes the creation of the José Antonio Echevarria University City
16 The Junta Central de Planificación - JUCEPLAN (Central Planning Board) and the National Theater of Cuba are created
17 President Eisenhower secretly approves the plan for the Bay of Pigs invasion
24 The prologue to Che Guevara’s, Guerilla War, was published
26 First parade of militias in Liberty City (former Columbia Garrison)
28 Fidel challenges the radio journalist Luis Conte Agüero for his anti-communist campaign
APRIL
4 Raul Roa denounces the preparation of an attack by the U.S. on Cuba before the UN Security Council
18 The National Agrarian Reform Institute (INRA) announces the transfer of 2.65 million acres of land to sugarcane cooperatives
21 Two million dollars are assigned for the construction of rural hospitals in Oriente Province
29 The Goicuría Garrison in Matanzas is handed over to the Ministry of Education – MINED
MAY
3 First volunteer teachers are sent to the Sierra Maestra mountains
8 Cuba reestablishes diplomatic relations with the USSR (initiated in 1943, suspended by the Batista government in 1952)
12 Closing and symbolic burial of the newspaper Diario de la Marina
13 The Ministry of Public Health - MINSAP – announces that starting June 1st health services will be free
20 The 1st Abakuá National Congress is held
27 The Juvenile Voluntary Labor Brigades were organized
JUNE
1 First Military Parade is held in the Civic Plaza (named Revolutionary Plaza on July 16, 1961)
6 First showing of the IAIC Latin American Newscast
10 Fidel denounces the oil companies that attempt to boycott oil supply and refining
16 US diplomats meeting with a group of counterrevolutionaries and arrested
24 Fidel announces economic policies in response to the reduction of the sugar quota
27 The US House of Representatives grants Eisenhower the power to abolish the Cuban sugar quota and allocate it to other countries
29-30 Intervention and nationalization of Texaco, ESSO and Shell Petroleum companies in response to their refusal to refine Soviet oil (on advice of the US government)
JULY
2 President Eisenhower officially suspends the purchase of Cuban sugar
5-7 The Cuban government agrees to grant the President and the Prime Minister the power to nationalize U.S: properties (Law 851)
22 The Councils of Coordination, Execution and Inspection (JUCEI), first local power institutions, are created
23 Cuba and China sign commercial, cultural, financial and technical assistance agreements
28 First Latin American Congress of Youth is held in Havana
31 A group of insurgents murder a militiaman in the Escambray mountains
AUGUST
6 Announcement of the intervention and nationalization of 26 proprietors of oil refineries, the electric and telephone companies and 36 sugar mills, all owned by US companies
16 The VIII National Assembly of the Popular Socialist Party (PSP) establishes the Bureau of Coordination of Revolutionary Activities
17 Reform of the Tax Law as related to earnings of large companies
23 Creation of the Federation of Cuban Women (FMC)
26-29 Conference of Foreign Ministers of the OAS (San José, Costa Rica) issues declaration condemning Cuba
29 Establishment of diplomatic relations with the Peoples Republic of (North) Korea and Guinea
SEPTEMBER
2 First Declaration of Havana (in response to the OAS declaration); Official cancellation of the Military Treaty with the US
8 Beginning of operations against insurgent in the Escambray mountains
14 Cuban Delegation to the UN is restricted to the island of Manhattan on the eve of Fidel’s participation at the UN General Assembly
15 The cigar and cigarette factories are intervened
16 The movement of the US Ambassador in Havana is restricted
18-26 Fidel in New York attends the 15th UN General Assembly and stays at the Hotel Theresa in Harlem, where he is visited by Nikita Jrushov and Malcom X; Delivers speech at the UN where he accuses the US government of terrorism
28 Creation of the Committees for the Defense of the Revolution (CDR)
OCTOBER
5-10 Capture of counterrevolutionary groups infiltrated from the US, of arms and munitions launched from an airplane over the Escambray and of 103 insurgents.
13 Nationalization of 382 large enterprises, 105 sugar mills, 37 banks, 50 textile factories and other private businesses, domestic and foreign
14 The Urban Reform Law is passed
19 First permanent measures of the US to establish an economic embargo of Cuba
21 Plenary of the Association of Rebel Youth consolidates all revolutionary youth organizations
NOVEMBER
2 Creation of the first artillery units of the Revolutionary Armed Forces (FAR)
14 The Literacy Campaign organization is activated
24 Some 500 officers graduate from the Militia Commanders School
DECEMBER
2 Diplomatic relations are established with Vietnam
8 A group of counterrevolutionaries is captured in the Sierra de los Órganos mountains in Pinar del Río
12 The first People’s Sugar Harvest begins
15 Dissidents at the CMQ radio and TV stations are purged
Traductor: Rafael Betancourt
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